2011年11月29日 星期二

山裡的微光 部落亮起來


八八風災對那瑪夏環境造成巨大傷害,但也讓許多族群更緊密團結在一起,找回各自部落的智慧與傳統精神。那瑪夏的家園重建工作,有更多聚焦在心靈層面。
達卡努瓦村在重建之初,族人面對破碎家園感到無所適從,甚至恐懼及茫然,不知該如何做起。部落為能夠安度三餐,決定一起開伙,但用慣電鍋的年輕人,在缺電下起火煮飯,卻是一大考驗。一旁老人家看不過去,開始指揮、教導大家合力煮出香噴噴的飯。歷史的智慧與經驗,就這樣一點一滴回到部落。

共食的下一步要解決部落糧食問題,以往乏人種植的小米開始復耕,許多傳統的記憶因此開始復甦,原住民部落原本就是依循小米種植的技術建構他們的「歲時記憶」,並建立與祖靈的祭祀關係。重新耕作小米後,祭典活動也更為盛大,如卡那卡那富族的米貢祭。農閒之際小朋友穿梭在小米田的景象,也重新再現。

南沙魯村則是一開始僅16戶不足百人回村重建,每天為了討論重建事宜聚集在一起,於是就有人提供一處家園作為共同廚房,每天三餐全部一起吃飯。除了自種蔬菜、自養家禽外,其餘必要支出的經費偶有善心人士捐助,但大多是村人不定期拿出五百、一千元當加菜金,靠自己力量找回家園和傳統,如今仍有78戶維持共食,並定期維持支出。村民從共食經驗中計劃開設原住民風味餐廳,已有20多人在家扶協助下,上料理課並將報考廚師證照,推廣那瑪夏原住民美食。

另外,跟隨著重建腳步,讓參與的年輕一輩能夠傳承部落耆老們的經驗與智慧。例如以往使用鐵皮、水泥建造雞舍,但在路斷了,建築物料難以入山的情形下,部落居民改用山林的木材建造,而年輕的部落居民隨著耆老入山後,才發覺原來各種樹木的用途不同。這是太過仰賴現代化生活的新一代部落青年所不瞭解的生態,也讓他們對身旁的山林有了更深的認識。年輕一代透過耆老們的教導,重新尋回了部落對於大地、山林的傳統與經驗,也是重建兩年來,那瑪夏的「心」收穫。

Revival of Namasia District

The disruption to the lives of tribespeople in Namasia District following Typhoon Morakot in 2009 was vast and deep. However, with the passage of time and the efforts of the tribespeople, there has been a revival in interest in the tribe’s traditions that reflected a wisdom and spirit accumulated through the ages. 
The damages and fright caused by the typhoon had initially left the tribespeople of Dakanuwa helpless, not knowing where to begin or what to do. Soon they discovered the benefits of eating meals communally. The reliance of the young people on electric cookers however was exposed when there was no electricity. The elders then stepped in to show them how to cook in a traditional way. Thus are some of the apparently simple ways of tradition making their way back into the daily lives of the tribe members.
In another village, Nansalu, the tribe has also discovered the benefits of sharing meals. During this shared time, important community issues are deliberated and this experience brings the tribespeople closely together. Tribespeople of the Nansalu have even gotten together to open a restaurant offering and promoting the aboriginal (Namasia) cuisine.  For that, twenty people have now received guidance and assistance from Taiwan Fund for Children and Families on obtaining the chef certificates.  

圖說  「共食」進一步拉近南沙魯村人的情感距離。(攝影/劉維婷)

圖說  達卡努瓦村部落傳統歲時記憶的小米也復耕了。(那瑪夏達卡努瓦工作站提供)




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